What things need to be prepared before installing the equipment

Before installing the equipment of tempering furnace, please prepare the following things your factory: 1.According to the layout, blower layout, electrical layout supplied by the seller, please prepare the power joint (power supply), air joint (air supply), blower foundation, etc. 2．In order to make the installation go with a swing, please prepare the following instruments at site: Electric Welding machine, hand electric drill, air-cutting equipment, cutting machine (for cutting steels), cleaner, Pinch bar (Crowbar), Hand grinding wheel machine, double heads spanner, inner hexagonal spanner, spring clamp for hole and bearing, hand hammer, wire-cutter, acutilingual clamp, flat and cross screwdriver, wide and thin flat filing, semi-round filing, 250mm movable spanner, clamp-shape universal meter, electrical pen, etc. 3．Materials: 800# water sand paper (50 pieces), sulfur powder (1.5 kgs), CCl4 (500ml). 4. Workers as assistant: four Locksmiths, one electrician, and several normal workers. It is better if you could arrange the works who know well the equipment. 5. Sheet glass: you should prepare some pieces of sheet glass (float glass) for trial production and testing the equipment. 6. It is better that if you could supply one mobile or telephone and internet for our engineers.

How to solve to the upper of furnace lifting unevenness

The solution to the upper of furnace lifting unevenness 1.Look at picture, please lift or fall furnace, in order to the upper furnace almost touch the lower (around 1cm), record the difference of 4 corners height. 2.Because of the furnace is heavy, adjust the lowest corner’s height the same as the other three corners. Please remove the transmission shaft of the lowest corner and put the shaft to another place for preventing peple fall down. 3.One people use pipe wrench to turn bevel gear (the location finger point), the other people measure height at the same time until 4 corner have same height. After adjusting, reassemble transmission shaft. 4.Adjust another corners use the above solutions. 4 corner will have the same height.

Overview of semi-tempered glass

Semi-tempered glass, also known as heat-strengthened glass, is between an ordinary flat glass and glass between species, which combines some of the advantages of tempered glass, such as the strength of the higher ordinary float glass, it is 2 times the normal float glass while avoiding the poor flatness of tempered glass, easy blew, once damage that is not satisfactory overall crushing of weakness. Semi-tempered glass production process and the same, only the wind pressure quench station of a difference, the cooling rate is less than tempered glass. Semi-tempered glass is annealed glass through high temperature and quenching, surface to form a compressive stress lower than 69MPa, the mechanical strength of glass several times to increase, that is, semi-tempered glass. Semi-tempered glass surface compressive stress between 24MPa to 60MPa, tempered glass surface stress of 69 ~ 168Mpa. Features is the intensity of semi-tempered glass is more than twice annealed glass, and glass is more than four times the strength of ordinary glass strength. Security: semi-tempered glass damage, radial radial cracks along the crack source, usually no tangential crack, so the damage will extend to the edges of each fragment, not falling, more secure. Deflection: Deflection semi-tempered glass tempered glass smaller than larger than annealed glass. Thermal stability: Thermal stability significantly better than annealed glass, ordinary glass half-treated steel can withstand a temperature difference of about 75 ° C. Semi-tempered glass will not explode. After ordinary glass tempering process can withstand the temperature difference of about 180 ° C. Monolithic semi-tempered glass (heat-strengthened glass) is not a safety glass, because once broken, will form a large debris and radial cracks, although most pieces no sharp corners, but will still be hurt, and there can not be used for skylights Human impact situations may occur. Semi-tempered glass in the building is suitable for wall and exterior windows, standard practice is made of laminated glass or insulating glass.

Cooling tempered glass

When the temperature of the glass inner and outer layers are lower than the Tg (glass transition temperature), we believe that steel and glass phase is complete, you can cool down on the glass. Cooling rate and final temperature of the glass depending on the production cycle, so as not to form excessive stress and convenient temporary artificial showings prevail. In the production of large thickness of the glass, the glass cooling rate of the general requirements appropriate to reduce, avoid the formation of excessive stress caused temporarily broken glass. Usually in the production of thin glass, the cooling air pressure is always constant; in the production of thick glass, the first cooling air pressure set point is always low, and then gradually increase, in order to obtain a faster production cycle.

Structure and characteristics of horizontal tempering furnace

Horizontal Roller steel furnace uses advanced automatic control technology for the production of 3-19mm tempered glass, furniture products used in the construction sector, aircraft and ships, locomotives, automobiles, household appliances and solar. The main part of the horizontal roller-furnace steel: the loading machine, furnace, cooling section, the backsheet station, as well as high pressure centrifugal fan for air ducts, electrical control cabinet, console, and so on. Horizontal Roller furnace steel has the following advantages: the various parts of the device with AC variable frequency drive technology, motor driven, reciprocating drive speed is adjustable; all parts of the control system is run by the Industrial PC and PLC component automatically; air supply system automatically adjusts the pressure upper and lower grilles electric opening and closing, the amount of wind power balance, the main valve off automatically; the upper and lower substrate stage main drive chain drive, simple structure, reliable, poorly jog stepping length can be set automatically according to glass size stepper automatic length measuring device can automatically determine the glass in the furnace and air cascade segments reciprocating stroke and cycle according to glass loading size. Drive roller furnace quartz ceramic roller, high temperature, high surface quality, can effectively ensure the quality of glass products. Transmission mechanism using O-linked with a plus synchronous belts, transmission accuracy is greatly improved, reducing the impact of vibration transmission ceramic roller, eliminating the deviation, the drive will not sync scratches caused to a minimum. Convection Tempering Furnace mainly by convection heating, roof configure a dedicated high-temperature fan, furnace convection boxes and high-performance dedicated heater, heating zoning more and more uniform temperature in the furnace; heating element surface power is low, and the anti- good thermal shock resistance and longer life. Cooling air gate into upper and lower portions, respectively connected to the air distribution centers. Intelligent control, depending on the thickness of the glass, it can automatically adjust the distance between the gate and glass wind, so that the spray distance is always in the optimum value, to ensure the strength and uniformity performance tempered glass. Convenient interface, all process parameters can be preset and change in control process. Different thickness of glass processing parameters in the order form input, store and recall, convenient and reliable.

Debris state identification steel processing method of identification

1. Identification according to After the glass tempering process, after the destruction of special pieces with no acute state, so the state can test to identify fragments of glass whether through steel processing. 2.the identification process Take necessary to identify the glass, in any of its position, with a sharp object hitting the glass surface to break them, observe debris after the destruction of the state of the glass, if the debris was not sharp glass particles through the steel processing. 3.applicability and limitations (1) Applicability: Debris state test is easy to operate, and the test result is simple, easy to observe, in practice, state identification method can only be used as a debris sampling. (2) Limitations: state test pieces belong to a destructive test, glass, once destroyed, the patch is quite tedious work. Also in practical engineering, procurement completed or if the glass has been installed to use this destructive identification method is clearly unrealistic.

The heated glass heating process analysis (b)

Pay special attention to the temperature rise at the beginning of glass heated glass to avoid excessive thermal stress temporarily. Because of a temporary stress superimposed with the original residual stress can cause breakage of glass in the furnace, commonly known as "blast furnace." Especially when the glass temperature rises to above 350 ° C, the glass will be counter-productive on the change in volume in the furnace, causing the glass to burst. Thick glass at the beginning of the heating if the temperature rise is too fast, will have a huge temporary stress, when there are air bubbles, stones and other materials defect glass core layer, often caused by glass blast furnace. Generally, the glass used as long as two-thirds of the overall heating time can be at or near the tempering temperature, and then the glass temperature slowly, after a period of time the internal temperature of the glass is mainly used for stress relief and homogenization, this time is necessary, it helps to improve steel quality and yield of the glass. For all kinds can be tempered Low-E coated glass, the need for forced convection tempering furnace to heat steel. Furnace radiation wavelength of about 3μm, heat radiation Low-E film reflects infrared band, if there is no forced convection system, mainly by the lower surface of the glass absorbs heat both sides of uneven heating glass, glass bending upward, because the bottom of the ceramic roller contact time is too long and overheat, causing optical distortion glass, glass while heating time is greatly extended. Therefore, steel Low-E coated glass should be forced convection tempering furnace heating furnace, so as to ensure product quality tempered glass.

Heated glass heating process analysis (a)

In the radiation furnace, the glass surface by radiation heat transfer effect of the upper heating element and lower surfaces of the ceramic roller by radiation, conduction heat transfer effect, accompanied by natural convection heat transfer effect. In a forced convection oven, on the glass surface of the hot gas stream mainly by convective heat transfer effect, but also by radiation heat transfer effect of the heating element, the lower surface of the ceramic roller by radiation, conduction heat transfer effect, but also by hot air convective heat transfer effect. Glass enters the furnace, the glass is poor conductor of heat, the inner and outer layer forming temperature gradients, thermal expansion of the outer layer of the glass at this time, the inhibition by the inner glass surface of the compressive stress generated temporarily, the center layer is a tensile stress. Due to the high compressive strength of the glass, the initial glass heated generally not broken. The thermal conductivity of the glass at high temperatures increase, as the temperature of the glass is further increased, a temperature gradient is gradually reduced inner and outer layers. When the temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the glass surface, the surface stress relaxation, internal tensile stress also decreases when the temperature of the glass inner and outer layers consistent stress disappear within glass, glass can be quenching process. When the glass into the radiation furnace, the lower surface of the glass comes into contact with high-temperature ceramic roller, while heat conduction, composite conduction and convection of heat radiation, rapid temperature rise; on the surface of the glass is only subjected to thermal radiation, temperature rise slower. Under the glass surface of the expansion ratio of the surface of large, so the glass would produce bend upward, glass weight of glass in the middle area of the support and the rollers movement of the glass in the middle region generating optical damage, commonly known as "steel White Road", which is the initial glass heated the upper and lower surfaces of the heat generated by the uneven defect, require the operator to adjust the heating parameters.

Quenching glass (b)

Depending on the nature of the glass, for the same formula, different thicknesses of glass, the steel stress mainly related to the cooling rate. The heat stress formula, if we want the same size steel surface stress, the cooling rate of the square is an inverse relationship between the thickness of the glass. For a steel device, the cooling air outlet gate area is constant, in air temperature and a hair away from certain situations, the cooling rate of stress-related hair only. In order to get a good quality glass exterior, glass baked at a temperature of steel to meet the requirements of the premise should be as low as possible, so to reduce heat loss during glass baked, baked faster glass after glass furnace cooling to begin as soon as possible. When the inner and outer layers of glass temperatures below the glass transition temperature, can be considered a glass tempering phase is complete, you can cool down on the glass.

Quenching glass (a)

Quenching to form glass final stress plays a decisive role on the glass quenching of the basic requirement is that the glass is cooled uniformly cooling rate in accordance with the requirements of the glass to obtain a uniform stress distribution. For air-cooled quenching method, the cooling rate is determined by the air pressure, air temperature, air flow rate, nozzle spacing and glass and other factors, factors beyond the control of the general production of pressure and distance between the nozzle and the glass. Stress heated glass completely released, after entering the quenching section, cooling glass started in accordance with the rate-setting, surface temperature decreases, the surface began to volume contraction, but the center layer of glass remains higher temperature, the volume has not had time to change, then glass temporary surface tensile stress, a little inner stress generated temporarily, the center layer stress relaxation occurs. This stage is easy because the glass surface defects cause rupture. If the residual stress within the glass is not completely eliminated, tempered glass is often due to the initial stress caused by the re-construction glass crack, glass and cause of stress is not completely eliminated and more generally for glass or glass heating temperature is not enough heating time is too short, or temperature homogenized enough. With further cooling the temperature of the glass, the glass surface temperature below the glass transition temperature drops, the glass surface hardening contraction stop, the inner layer continue to shrink, until the temperature is reduced to the glass transition temperature, the glass surface to form a compressive stress, the inner layer is formed Zhang stress. In this case the presence of stress within the glass, even if the temperature gradient disappear and can not be eliminated, permanent stress.